{"id":490,"date":"2015-05-18T15:00:15","date_gmt":"2015-05-18T06:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.enago-academy.com\/?p=490"},"modified":"2026-09-01T14:54:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T05:54:52","slug":"quotation-marks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30fb\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8a71\u3084\u4ed6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u30ab\u30c3\u30b3\uff08\u300c\u300d\uff09\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff08quotation marks\uff09\u3068\u3082\u8868\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff08\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u3046\u3061\u4e3b\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u76ee\u6b21<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#1_%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A8%E3%83%80%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3\" >1. \u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#2_%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A\" >2. \u81ea\u5df1\u8a00\u53ca<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#3_%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\" >3. \u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#4_%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%88%E3%80%81%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3\" >4. \u6ce8\u91c8\u3001\u6ce8\u89e3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#5_%E6%AF%94%E5%96%A9%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" >5. \u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u306a\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#6_%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\" >6. \u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#7_%E5%8F%8D%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95\" >7. \u53cd\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#8_%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E3%81%AE%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB\" >8. \u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#9_%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8\" >9. \u5f15\u7528<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%AC%A6%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%81%AB%E8%BF%B7%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E6%AD%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9\" >\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u306b\u8ff7\u3063\u305f\u3089\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE\" >\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/quotation-marks\/#%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%9E\" >\u3053\u3093\u306a\u8a18\u4e8b\u3082\u3069\u3046\u305e<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A8%E3%83%80%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3\"><\/span>1. \u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3001\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u3068\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u65b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u304c\u591a\u5c11\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7528\u6cd5\u3068\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u7528\u6cd5\u3068\u306e\u533a\u5225\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A\"><\/span>2. \u81ea\u5df1\u8a00\u53ca<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u6b21\u306e\u6587\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>(1) The English word \u201cscience\u201d comes from the Latin scientia, meaning \u2018knowledge\u2019.<\/em><br \/>\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u300cscience\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u306f\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u8a18\u53f7\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u8a9e\u81ea\u8eab\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7279\u5225\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u7279\u5225\u306a\u5f62\u3067\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3088\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff08\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u4f53\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u306a\u304a\u3001\u300cknowledge\u300d\u306b\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u4ed8\u304f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u300cknowledge\u300d\u3082\u7279\u5225\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u304b\u3057\u300cknowledge\u300d\u306f\u300cscience\u300d\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\u305d\u306e\u8a9e\u81ea\u8eab\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u672c\u6765\u6301\u3064\u300c\u610f\u5473\u300d\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff08\u3042\u308b\u610f\u5473\u3092\u300c\u6307\u3059\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3068\u300c\u8868\u3059\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u884c\u70ba\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\uff09\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6642\u306f\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u300cscientia\u300d\u304c\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u4f53\u3067\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8a9e\u3082\u300cscience\u300d\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u8a9e\uff08\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306e\u300cscientia\u300d\uff09\u306f\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u4f53\u306b\u3057\u3066\u8868\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u6163\u4f8b\u3067\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u306f\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u308b\u3068\u304e\u3053\u3061\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\"><\/span>3. \u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u7269\u4e8b\u306e\u547c\u79f0\u3092\u5b9a\u3081\u305f\u308a\u7528\u8a9e\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8a00\u8449\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3067\u56f2\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3060\u3089\u4e00\u8cab\u3057\u3066\u6700\u5f8c\u307e\u3067\u7528\u3044\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>(2) [\u7c73] In this paper, we call these cases \u201casymptomatic outliers.\u201d<\/em><br \/>\n\uff08\u30d4\u30ea\u30aa\u30c9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u7684\uff09<br \/>\n<em>[\u82f1] In this paper, we call these cases \u201casymptomatic outliers\u201d. <\/em><br \/>\n\uff08\u30d4\u30ea\u30aa\u30c9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5916\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u7684\uff09<br \/>\n<em>(3) We refer to this as a \u2018na\u00efve solution\u2019, because it results from what is known as a \u2018na\u00efve perturbation expansion\u2019.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>(4) Let us term this short period of contraction the \u2018secondary phase\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%88%E3%80%81%E6%B3%A8%E8%A7%A3\"><\/span>4. \u6ce8\u91c8\u3001\u6ce8\u89e3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u7b2c2\u7bc0\u306b\u6319\u3052\u305f\u4f8b\u6587\u3067\u306e\u300cknowledge\u300d\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u300cgloss\u300d\uff08\u300c\u6ce8\u91c8\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6ce8\u89e3\u300d\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4f8b\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>(5) In this work, we use the term \u201calmost certainly convergent\u201d to mean \u2018convergent for all but at most a measure 0 set of processes\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%E6%AF%94%E5%96%A9%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span>5. \u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u306a\u7528\u6cd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6587\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>(6) Each electron \u201cfeels\u201d the surface charge through the surrounding fluid.<\/em><br \/>\n\u3053\u3053\u3067\u52d5\u8a5e\u300cfeels\u300d\u306f\u3088\u308a\u6b63\u78ba\u306a\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u3088\u308a\u76f4\u611f\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6bd4\u55a9\u7684\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E7%BE%A9\"><\/span>6. \u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u306e\u306b\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>(7) Anisogomphus solitaris is categorized as \u201ccritically endangered\u201d by the IUCN.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306e\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u300ccritically endangered\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8868\u73fe\u304cIUCN\u3068\u3044\u3046\u56e3\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7279\u5225\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3067\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_%E5%8F%8D%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95\"><\/span>7. \u53cd\u8a9e\u6cd5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u6587\u306f\u3001\u3042\u3048\u3066\u300cfriend\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a9e\u3092\u53cd\u8a9e\u7684\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u5f37\u3044\u76ae\u8089\u306e\u610f\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3060\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em>(8) My \u201cfriend\u201d John published my results without my consent.<\/em><br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u7528\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E3%81%AE%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB\"><\/span>8. \u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u307e\u3068\u307e\u3063\u305f\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u672c\u3001\u7d75\u753b\u3001\u6620\u753b\u3001\u4ea4\u97ff\u66f2\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30e0\u306a\u3069\uff09\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u4f53\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u307e\u3068\u307e\u3063\u305f\u4f5c\u54c1\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\uff08\u4e00\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u793a\u3059\u306e\u304c\u6163\u4f8b\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u305d\u306e\u7528\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff08\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em><em>(9) [\u82f1] The poem \u201cBy the River\u201d, appearing at the end, is generally regarded as the finest work in Sontel\u2019s Unguarded Musings. <\/em>\uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5916\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u7684\uff09<\/em><br \/>\n<em> [\u7c73] The poem \u201cBy the River,\u201d appearing at the end, is generally regarded as the finest work in Sontel\u2019s Unguarded Musings.<\/em> \uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u7684\uff09<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8\"><\/span>9. \u5f15\u7528<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u5f15\u7528\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u306e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u7528\u3044\u65b9\u3092\u4f8b\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 \u3002<\/p>\n<p><em><em>(10) [\u82f1] When I asked him when he would come, Tom said, \u2018when I\u2019m ready\u2019, but I\u2019m not sure what he meant.<\/em>\uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5916\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u7684\uff09<br \/>\n[\u7c73] When I asked him when he would come, Tom said, \u201cwhen I\u2019m ready,\u201d but I\u2019m not sure what he meant.\uff08\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u7684\uff09<br \/>\n<\/em><em>(11) [\u82f1] Smith characterized this entire body of work as being \u201cwholly without merit\u201d. \uff08\u30d4\u30ea\u30aa\u30c9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5916\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u7684\uff09<\/em><br \/>\n[\u7c73] Smith characterized this entire body of work as being \u201cwholly without merit.\u201d \uff08\u30d4\u30ea\u30aa\u30c9\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u304c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5185\u5074\uff1a\u3088\u308a\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u7684\uff09<br \/>\n<em>(12) Although his statement was \u201cYou must not give up,\u201d he certainly did.\u3000\uff08\u4e21\u65b9\uff09<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u3067\u7279\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u305f\u3044\u306e\u306f(12)\u3067\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u306e\u539f\u6587\u304c\u30d4\u30ea\u30aa\u30c9\u3067\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u672c\u7bc0\u306e\u811a\u6ce8\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3001\u300c\u5fe0\u5b9f\u6027\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u4f8b\u5916\u3067\u3059\u3002\uff0812\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u633f\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u3092\u30d4\u30ea\u30aa\u30c9\u3067\u7d42\u308f\u3089\u305b\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n    \r\n    <div class=\"extra_paragraph\">\r\n        <h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%AC%A6%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E5%88%86%E3%81%91%E3%81%AB%E8%BF%B7%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E6%A0%A1%E6%AD%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9\"><\/span>\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u306b\u8ff7\u3063\u305f\u3089\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306f\u82f1\u7c73\u3067\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3046\u3048\u3001\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u57f7\u7b46\u8005\u81ea\u8eab\u3067\u8aa4\u308a\u306b\u6c17\u3065\u304f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u5bb9\u6613\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002Enago\uff08\u30a8\u30ca\u30b4\uff09\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/\">\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63<\/a>\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u3054\u6d3b\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u7cbe\u901a\u3057\u305f\u5b66\u8853\u6821\u6b63\u8005\u304c\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3084\u53e5\u8aad\u70b9\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3066\u539f\u7a3f\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4e01\u5be7\u306b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    \n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE\"><\/span>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Burchfield, Robert William, <a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/fowlers-modern-english-usage-9780198610212\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><em>Fowler\u2019s Modern English Usage<\/em>\uff08Revised 3rd ed.\uff09<\/a>, Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-19-861021-2. OCLC 56767410.<\/p>\n<p>University of Chicago, <a href=\"https:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/C\/bo25956703.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"><em>The Chicago Manual of Style<\/em>\uff0816th ed.\uff09<\/a>, University of Chicago Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-226-10420-1.<\/p>\n<div class=\"related-articles\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%9E\"><\/span>\u3053\u3093\u306a\u8a18\u4e8b\u3082\u3069\u3046\u305e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/punctuation-rules-do-they-matter\/\">\u53e5\u8aad\u70b9\uff08Punctuation\uff09\u306e\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/quotation\/\">\u5f15\u7528\uff5c\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u9053\u5834\uff5e\u521d\u7d1a\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u82f1\u8a9e\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff5e<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/comma\/\">\u30b3\u30f3\u30de\uff5c\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u9053\u5834\uff5e\u521d\u7d1a\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u82f1\u8a9e\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff5e<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/colon\/\">\u30b3\u30ed\u30f3\uff5c\u30d1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u9053\u5834\uff5e\u521d\u7d1a\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u82f1\u8a9e\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff5e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3068\u306f\u3001\u4f1a\u8a71\u3084\u4ed6\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u306e\u30ab\u30c3\u30b3\uff08\u300c\u300d\uff09\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff08quotation marks\uff09\u3068\u3082\u8868\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u3001\u300c\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\uff08\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306e\u3046\u3061\u4e3b\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002 1. \u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 \u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3001\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u4e00\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u3068\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u4e8c\u91cd\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\uff09\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051\u65b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u82f1\u8a9e\u3068\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u304c\u591a\u5c11\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u3001\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7528\u6cd5\u3068\u8aa4\u3063\u305f\u7528\u6cd5\u3068\u306e\u533a\u5225\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u6700\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u306e\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3067\u3059\u3002 2. \u81ea\u5df1\u8a00\u53ca \u6b21\u306e\u6587\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002 (1) The English [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8242,"featured_media":6476,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[457,339,320,321],"tags":[403,402],"class_list":["post-490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-column","category-industry-news","category-reporting-research","category-language-grammar","tag-english-grammar-tips-by-mr-paquette","tag-punctuation-marks"],"better_featured_image":{"id":6476,"alt_text":"\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30fb\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051- 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