{"id":488,"date":"2015-05-18T14:54:05","date_gmt":"2015-05-18T05:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.enago-academy.com\/?p=488"},"modified":"2023-02-08T11:18:38","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T02:18:38","slug":"hyphen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/hyphen\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u4e3b\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u304c2\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u305d\u308c\u30892\u3064\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u500b\u5225\u306b\u6271\u3044\u3001\u6b21\u306b\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u793a\u3057\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8aa4\u7528\u4f8b\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. \u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3068\u306e\u4f75\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u8a9e\u5e79\u304c\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u3063\u305f\u8a9e\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u300c[\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e]+[\u8a9e\u6839]\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8a9e\u306f\u591a\u304f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3068\u8a9e\u6839\u306e\u9593\u306b\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u304c\u631f\u307e\u308c\u308b\u8a9e\u306f\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u591a\u6570\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u300c\u30bb\u30f3\u30b9\u300d\u3067\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u306e\u6709\u7121\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u304b\u5165\u308c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u898f\u5b9a\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u540c\u985e\u306e\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u5834\u5408\u3068\u4f7f\u308f\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u533a\u5225\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306f\u6163\u4f8b\u7684\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6163\u4f8b\u304c\u6642\u9593\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u5909\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306e\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u8f9e\u66f8\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3057\u304b\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u304c\u307b\u307c\u78ba\u5b9f\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3082\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u304c\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[1] \u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u8a9e\u6839\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u540c\u3058\u6bcd\u97f3<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u300cre-examine\u300d\u3001\u300canti-intellectual\u300d\u3001\u300cultra-advanced\u300d\u3001\u300csemi-infinite\u300d<\/em><br \/>\n[2] \u4f7f\u7528\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u8a00\u8449\uff08\u7279\u306b\u8f9e\u66f8\u306b\u8f09\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u8a9e\uff09<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u300csemi-colonial\u300d\u3001\u300cnon-descending\u300d\u3001\u300cpost-interdisciplinary\u300d\u3001\u300cquasi-differentiable\u300d<\/em><br \/>\n[3] \u8a9e\u6839\u304c\u5927\u6587\u5b57\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u308b<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u300cnon-Japanese\u300d\u3001\u300cpseudo-Keynesian\u300d\u3001\u300cinter-European\u300d\u3001\u300cpost-Einstein\u300d<\/em><br \/>\n[4] \u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3068\u5225\u306e\u8a00\u8449\u3068\u6df7\u540c\u3055\u308c\u308b<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u300cre-charge\u300d\uff08\u518d\u8acb\u6c42\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3001\u300cpre-sent\u300d\uff08\u4e8b\u524d\u306b\u767a\u9001\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3001\u300cset-up\u300d(\u7d44\u307f\u7acb\u3066)\u3001\u300cpre-occupation\u300d<\/em>\uff08\u5360\u9818\u524d\uff09<br \/>\n[5] \u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u304c\u300cself-\u300d\u306e\u8a9e<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u300cself-appointed\u300d\u3001\u300cself-explanatory\u300d\u3001\u300cself-analysis\u300d<\/em><br \/>\n[6] \u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u304c\u300cill-\u300d\u306e\u8a9e<br \/>\n\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u300cill-founded\u300d\u3001\u300cill-conceived\u300d\u3001\u300cill-equipped\u300d\u3001\u300cill-defined\u300d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \uff12\u8a9e\u3092\u7d50\u3076\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u3063\u305f\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3088\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u304b\u3064\u610f\u5473\u7684\u306a\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u660e\u78ba\u306b\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u69cb\u6210\u5358\u8a9e\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3092\u3064\u306a\u3050\u306e\u304c\u539f\u5247\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f2\u3064\u306e\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u69cb\u6210\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u3063\u305f\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u6210\u5358\u8a9e\u304c\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u540d\u8a5e\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306e\u307f\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u307e\u3068\u307e\u3063\u305f\u610f\u5473\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u524d\u8005\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3092\u4ee3\u8868\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8907\u5408\u8a9e\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e]<br \/>\n<em>well-defined\u3001self-evident\u3001user-driven\u3001mind-expanding\u3001computer-aided\u3001old-fashioned<\/em><br \/>\n[\u540d\u8a5e]<br \/>\n<em>no-hitter\u3001editor-in-chief\u3001run-up\u3001set-up\u3001run-around\u3001Irish-American\u3001passer-by<\/em><br \/>\n[\u52d5\u8a5e]<br \/>\n<em>second-guess\u3001double-check\u3001window-shop\u3001peer-review\u3001force-feed\u3001fine-tune<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u306a\u304a\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u60f3\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u4f8b\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u8868\u73fe\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(1)<em> Next we consider the large-scale structure.<\/em><br \/>\n(2)<em> The so-called L-L conjecture is investigated below.<\/em><br \/>\n(3)<em> Here, the time-dependent terms have been ignored.<\/em><br \/>\n(4)<em> But the situation regarding the long-range interaction is much different.<\/em><br \/>\n(5)<em> This is a third-order calculation.<\/em><br \/>\n(6)<em> In this case, the signal-to-noise ratio is too small.<\/em><br \/>\n(7)<em> These are five-nation talks carried out biannually.<\/em><br \/>\n(8)<em> They walked down the six-mile path.<\/em><br \/>\n(9)<em> Under normal conditions, their scales have a light blue-green tint.<\/em><br \/>\n(10)<em> These are the first- and second-order solutions.<\/em><br \/>\n(11)<em> This system exhibits low-frequency pressure oscillations.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u4f8b\u6587\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u7559\u610f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u305f\u3044\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8907\u5408\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306f\u5fc5\u305a\u6587\u6cd5\u7684\u306a\u5358\u4f4d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4fee\u98fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u304c\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001(2)\u3067\u306f\u300cso-called-L-L\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300cso-called L-L\u300d\u3001(11)\u3067\u306f\u300clow-frequency-pressure\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u300clow-frequency pressure\u300d\u3001\u3068\u306a\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(i) 1\u3064\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3068\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081<br \/>\n<em>X-ray\u3001U-turn\u3001three-D<\/em><br \/>\n(ii) \u6570\u5b57\u3068\u5358\u8a9e\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081<br \/>\n<em>2-fold\u300110-fold\u3001100-fold\uff08twofold\u3001tenfold\u3001hundredfold\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u305b\u3088\uff09<br \/>\n4-plex\u30013-D\u30011-dodecanol\u30012,3-diphosphoglycerate\u3001pre-1920<\/em><br \/>\n(ii) \u66d6\u6627\u3055\u306e\u56de\u907f\u306e\u305f\u3081<br \/>\n<em>great-grandmother<br \/>\n<\/em>(iii) 21\u301c99\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u3092\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8868\u793a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081<br \/>\n<em>sixty-eight\uff08eighteen\u3001six hundred\u3001ten thousand\u306a\u3069\u3068\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\uff09<br \/>\n<\/em>(iv) \u5206\u6570\u3092\u8868\u3059\u305f\u3081<br \/>\n<em>two-thirds, three-fourths<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8aa4\u308a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u8aa4\u7528\u4f8b\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6319\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(i) [\u8aa4] We treat highly-complex structure.<br \/>\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u526f\u8a5e\u3068\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3067\u7d50\u3070\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(ii) [\u8aa4] They prove a very well-known theorem.<br \/>\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3068\u300cvery\u300d\u304c\u300cwell-known\u300d\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u304c\u3001\u672c\u6765\u306f\u300cwell\u300d\u306e\u307f\u3092\u4fee\u98fe\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(iii) [\u8aa4] This structure is two-dimensional.<br \/>\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u3053\u3053\u3067\u300ctwo-dimensional\u300d\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(iv) [\u8aa4] This is a long term project.<br \/>\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u300clong term\u300d\u304c\u300cproject\u300d\u306e\u76f4\u524d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u300clong-term\u300d\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(v) [\u8aa4] These figures are up-to-date.<br \/>\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u3053\u3053\u3067\u300cup-to-date\u300d\u306f\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u524d\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(vi) [\u8aa4] The values drop-off rapidly just beyond the critical point.<br \/>\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u53e5\u52d5\u8a5e\u306f\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u542b\u307e\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u524a\u9664\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(vii) [\u8aa4] There is a sharp drop off just beyond the critical point.<br \/>\n\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u53e5\u52d5\u8a5e\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u540d\u8a5e\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u542b\u3080\u304b\u3089\u3002<br \/>\n\u4fee\u6b63\u6cd5\uff1a\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u3092\u52a0\u3048\u300cdrop-off\u300d\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #ffd700;padding: 5px 10px;color: #ffffff;border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0\"><strong>\u6587\u6cd5\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"background: #ffffea;padding: 10px;border: 2px solid #ffd700\"><span style=\"font-size: 90%\">\u30a8\u30ca\u30b4\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/normal-editing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30ce\u30fc\u30de\u30eb\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63<\/a>\u306f\u3001\u82f1\u6587\u6cd5\u3001\u5c02\u9580\u7528\u8a9e\u306e\u6b63\u78ba\u6027\u3092\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u82f1\u6587\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u3084\u3059\u3055\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u3001\u300c\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u8cea\u300d\u3092\u7406\u7531\u306b\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u30ea\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u4ed5\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u306e\u3092\u304a\u624b\u4f1d\u3044\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u30cf\u30a4\u30d5\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u4e3b\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u304c2\u3064\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u305d\u308c\u30892\u3064\u306e\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u500b\u5225\u306b\u6271\u3044\u3001\u6b21\u306b\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u7528\u6cd5\u3092\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u793a\u3057\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8aa4\u7528\u4f8b\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002 1. \u63a5\u982d\u8f9e\u3068\u306e\u4f75\u7528 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8242,"featured_media":6476,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[457,339,320,321],"tags":[403,402],"class_list":["post-488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-column","category-industry-news","category-reporting-research","category-language-grammar","tag-english-grammar-tips-by-mr-paquette","tag-punctuation-marks"],"better_featured_image":{"id":6476,"alt_text":"\u5f15\u7528\u7b26\u3068\u306f\uff1f\u30c0\u30d6\u30eb\u30fb\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u30eb\u30af\u30a9\u30fc\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u5206\u3051- 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