{"id":35521,"date":"2025-08-21T14:00:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T05:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/?p=35521"},"modified":"2026-06-10T14:53:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T05:53:11","slug":"when-to-use-asterisks-in-academic-writing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/when-to-use-asterisks-in-academic-writing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u4eca\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u306f\u99b4\u67d3\u307f\u306e\u8584\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3067\u3055\u3048\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3069\u3046\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u3069\u3046\u76ee\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u304c\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u8a18\u4e8b\u3084\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u306a\u3089\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u30cf\u30a4\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u3046\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8868\u8a18\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u300c\uff0a\u300d\uff08\u30a2\u30b9\u30c6\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u661f\u5370\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff09\u306f\u3088\u304f\u3001\u88dc\u8db3\u3084\u811a\u6ce8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u811a\u6ce8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7701\u7565\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u514d\u8cac\u4e8b\u9805\uff08\u5e83\u544a\u3084\u5951\u7d04\u66f8\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u304f\u308b\uff09\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u3082\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u6539\u3081\u3066<strong>\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/strong>\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u898b\u76f4\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<div 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class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8%E3%82%84%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%88%E3%82%92%E7%A4%BA%E3%81%99%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF\"><\/span>\u811a\u6ce8\u3084\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u811a\u6ce8\u3084\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u6b74\u53f2\u306f\u53e4\u304f\u3001\u4e00\u8aac\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u4e2d\u4e16\u521d\u671f\u306e\u5199\u672c\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u304c\u6b8b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u51fa\u5178\u3084\u80cc\u666f\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u88dc\u8db3\u3001\u3064\u307e\u308a\u811a\u6ce8\u3084\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u306b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308c\u3070\u3001\u540c\u3058\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u4e0b\uff08footnotes\uff09\u304b\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u6700\u5f8c\uff08endnotes\uff09\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08Reference\uff09\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4ed8\u3044\u305f\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6cd5\u5b66\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30d4\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30fb\u30b0\u30c3\u30c9\u30ea\u30c3\u30c1\uff08Peter Goodrich\uff09\u306f\u300eOn Philosophy in American Law\u300f\u306b\u53ce\u9332\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5c0f\u8ad6 &#8220;Dicta &#8220;\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a00\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">&#8220;The asterisk footnote now tends to play the role of listing institutional benefactors, influential colleagues, student assistants, and the circumstances surrounding the production of the article.&#8221; \uff08\u4eee\u8a33\uff1a\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u811a\u6ce8\u306f\u73fe\u5728\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u306a\u5f8c\u63f4\u8005\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u3042\u308b\u540c\u50da\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u6587\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5217\u6319\u3059\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u3064\u3064\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8cac\u4efb\u8457\u8005\uff08corresponding author\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u4ed6\u3001\u56f3\u8868\u3084\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6709\u610f\u5dee\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u6d3b\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E4%BB%96%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E6%96%B9\"><\/span>\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E8%91%97%E8%80%85%E5%90%8D%E3%81%AB%E4%BB%98%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B\"><\/span>\u8457\u8005\u540d\u306b\u4ed8\u3051\u308b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5b66\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8457\u8005\u540d\u304c\u5217\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u306a\u8cac\u4efb\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306b\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3089\u308c\u308b\u8cac\u4efb\u8457\u8005\uff08corresponding author\uff09\u306e\u540d\u524d\u306e\u6a2a\u306b\u306f\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\uff08\uff0a\uff09\u304c\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b66\u751f\u3084\u30dd\u30b9\u30c9\u30af\u306f\u9023\u7d61\u5148\u304c\u5909\u66f4\u306b\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u6559\u6388\u306a\u3069\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8005\uff08PI: Principal Investigator\uff09\u304c\u8cac\u4efb\u8457\u8005\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u7b46\u982d\u8457\u8005\uff08first author\uff09\u3068\u8cac\u4efb\u8457\u8005\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u62c5\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7b46\u982d\u8457\u8005\uff08co-first author\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u3082\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7b46\u982d\u8457\u8005\u306b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\uff08*\uff09\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\u304c\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u300c\u8457\u8005 A*\u3001\u8457\u8005 B*\u3001\u8457\u8005 C\u3001\u8457\u8005 D.. 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class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%BF%E3%81%84%E6%96%B9\"><\/span>\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u3082\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6f2b\u753b\u306a\u3069\u3067\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306a\u8a00\u8449\uff08\u5192\u6d9c\u7684\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u4e0b\u54c1\u306a\u5358\u8a9e\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3068\u304d\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u306b\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6f2b\u753b\u5bb6\u306e\u30e2\u30fc\u30c8\u30fb\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\uff08Mort Walker\uff09\u304c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u6f2b\u753b\u3067\u4f7f\u3044\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300cgrawlix\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3067\u3059\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u4f0f\u5b57\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u6587\u5b57\u3084\u5358\u8a9e\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u3092\u96a0\u3059\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8a18\u53f7\u3084\u6587\u5b57\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u66f8\u304d\u8868\u305b\u306a\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3084\u30af\u30ec\u30b8\u30c3\u30c8\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u756a\u53f7\u306a\u3069\u898b\u305b\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u60c5\u5831\u3092\uff0a\u3067\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u3067\u306fSNS\u3084\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30e1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\u306e\u8a02\u6b63\u7b87\u6240\u3084\u611f\u60c5\u8868\u73fe\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3082\u898b\u304b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5e83\u544a\u306b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u5e83\u544a\u306a\u3069\u3067\u300c\u65b0\u578b\u8eca\u304c\u52e2\u63c3\u3044\u3001\u767a\u58f2\u4e2d*\uff01\u300d\u3068\u898b\u51fa\u3057\u306b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u304c\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5e83\u544a\u306f\u3001\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u4e0b\u90e8\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u307e\u305f\u306f\u88dc\u8db3\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6570\u5f0f\u3067\u4e57\u7b97\u8a18\u53f7\uff08\u304b\u3051\u7b97\u306e\u00d7\uff09\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\uff0a\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u88dc\u8db3\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u4ee5\u5916\u306b\u3001\u77ed\u5263\u7b26\uff08Dagger\uff09\uff08\u2020\uff09\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u8a18\u53f7\uff08\u30a2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30d9\u30c3\u30c8\u3084*\u3001\u2020\u3001\u2021\u3001\u00a7\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8a18\u53f7\uff09\u306f\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u5404\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\u306e\u8457\u8005\u5411\u3051\u306e\u6307\u793a\uff08\u6295\u7a3f\u898f\u7a0b\uff09\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u304a\u3059\u3059\u3081\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u63d0\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u542b\u3081\u305f\u8a18\u53f7\u304c\u6295\u7a3f\u898f\u7a0b\u306b\u6e96\u3058\u3066\u6b63\u3057\u304f\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3092\u518d\u5ea6\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[PR] \u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u82f1\u6587\u6821\u6b63<\/a>\u306f\u30a8\u30ca\u30b4\u307e\u3067\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99\"><\/span>\u53c2\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/asterisk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u82f1\u8f9e\u66f8<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievalcodes.ca\/2014\/08\/asterisks-in-middle-ages.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u4e2d\u4e16\u521d\u671f\u306e\u5199\u672c\u306b\u8a18\u8f09<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cardozo.yu.edu\/directory\/peter-goodrich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Peter Goodrich<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/nyuscholars.nyu.edu\/en\/publications\/dicta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Dicta<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bellcurve.jp\/statistics\/blog\/14270.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">1\u500b\u306e\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u306f<em>p<\/em>\uff1c0.05<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/measuringu.com\/visualize-significance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u3082\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u6709\u610f\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.graphpad.com\/support\/faq\/what-is-the-meaning-of--or--or--in-reports-of-statistical-significance-from-prism-or-instat\/#:~:text=All%20P%20values%20less%20than%200.001%20are%20summarized,three%20asterisks%2C%20with%20no%20possibility%20of%20four%20asterisks.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">\u8868\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30b9\u30af\u6570\u306f\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308b<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E3%81%93%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B%E3%82%82%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%9E\"><\/span>\u3053\u3093\u306a\u8a18\u4e8b\u3082\u3069\u3046\u305e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u30a8\u30ca\u30b4\u5b66\u8853\u82f1\u8a9e\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc &#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/how-to-use-brackets-in-academic-writing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5b66\u8853\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306e\u62ec\u5f27\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u30a8\u30ca\u30b4\u5b66\u8853\u82f1\u8a9e\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/write-research-paper-apa-format\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">APA\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u306e\u6982\u8981<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u30a8\u30ca\u30b4\u5b66\u8853\u82f1\u8a9e\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30fc &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/abbreviations-and-acronyms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7565\u8a9e\u3068\u982d\u5b57\u8a9e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3042\u306a\u305f\u304c\u4eca\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u306f\u99b4\u67d3\u307f\u306e\u8584\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u91ce\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3067\u3055\u3048\u96e3\u89e3\u306a\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3069\u3046\u8aad\u8005\u306b\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3092\u3069\u3046\u76ee\u7acb\u305f\u305b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u304c\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u4e0a\u3067\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002 \u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u8a18\u4e8b\u3084\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30c8\u306a\u3089\u3001\u5f37\u8abf\u3057\u305f\u3044\u7b87\u6240\u306b\u30cf\u30a4\u30e9\u30a4\u30c8\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u5909\u3048\u305f\u308a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30de\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30a2\u30ab\u30c7\u30df\u30c3\u30af\u30fb\u30e9\u30a4\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u3046\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u8868\u8a18\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002 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