{"id":3027,"date":"2018-05-21T12:00:42","date_gmt":"2018-05-21T03:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/?p=3027"},"modified":"2025-04-15T22:39:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T13:39:34","slug":"reproducibility-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/reproducibility-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u300c\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ee5\u524d\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/replication_crisis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u672c\u8a8c<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u8a8c\u304c2016\u5e74\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u80051576\u4eba\u306e\u3046\u306170%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u3001\u307b\u304b\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u304c\u5931\u6557\u3057\u305f\u7d4c\u9a13\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u901a\u308a\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u72b6\u306f\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\uff08reproducibility crisis\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4eca\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u4ed8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-04590-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u8a8c\u306e\u793e\u8aac<\/a>\u306f\u3001\u540c\u8a8c\u304c\u8ad6\u6587\u539f\u7a3f\u3092\u6295\u7a3f\u3059\u308b\u8457\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3088\u3046\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/authors\/policies\/ReportingSummary-flat.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \uff08Statistical parameters\uff09<\/a>\u300d\u304c\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b69\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3060\u307b\u304b\u306b\u884c\u306a\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u540c\u8a8c\u306f\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u3068\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30012016\u5e747\u6708\u304b\u30892017\u5e743\u6708\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3001\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306b\u6295\u7a3f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u80055375\u4eba\u306b\u8abf\u67fb\u7968\u3092\u9001\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/magazine-assets\/d41586-018-04590-7\/reproducibility_Report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u516c\u958b<\/a>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u8005480\u4eba\u306e\u3046\u306149\uff05\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u8cea\u306e\u6539\u5584\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u300215%\u306f\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e86\uff05\u306f\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5371\u6a5f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f2016\u5e74\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f2016\u5e74\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u7d0460%\u304c\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff08selective reporting\uff09\u300d\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u3082\u3001\u7d043\u5206\u306e2\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u300d\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u300c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u6700\u3082\u90fd\u5408\u306e\u3088\u3044\u7d50\u679c\u3060\u3051\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u3044\u3068\u3053\u53d6\u308a\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u300c\u30c1\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30d4\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\uff08cherry picking\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u898b\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c\u60aa\u3044\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u304c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u3092\u4f4e\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u306a\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u3092\u3088\u308a\u900f\u660e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3082\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u4f4e\u3055\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f \u300c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306e\u793e\u8aac\u306f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u4f4e\u3055\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8457\u8005\u3078\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u5831\u544a\u306e\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\u305b\u3088\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d7\u30ec\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\uff08publishing pressure\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u6d6e\u304b\u3073\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u597d\u307e\u3057\u3044\u5146\u5019\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u30022012\u5e74\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u3042\u308b\u56fd\u7acb\u885b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08NIH\uff09\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u3089\u306f\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u30fb\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u524d\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u52d5\u7269\u5b9f\u9a13\uff09\u306e\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u300c\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u5316\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u76f2\u691c\u5316\uff08\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u5316\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u63a8\u8a08\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u8abf\u6574\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff14\u3064\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature11556\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u63d0\u6848<\/a>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\uff14\u57fa\u6e96\uff08Landis 4 criteria\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3089\u306f\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u3092\u691c\u8a3c\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u3068\u3001\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u300e\u30bb\u30eb\u300f\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8a18\u8f09\u3068\u5206\u6790\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u30012013\u5e74\uff08\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u516c\u958b\u524d\uff09\u30682015\u5e74\uff08\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u516c\u958b\u5f8c\uff09\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3067\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\uff14\u57fa\u6e96\u306e\u3046\u3061\u300c\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u5316\u300d\u3068\u300c\u76f2\u691c\u5316\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u63a8\u8a08\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff13\u9805\u76ee\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u300e\u30bb\u30eb\u300f\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u3088\u308a\u3082\uff13\u500d\u6539\u5584\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u6628\u5e749\u6708\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0183591\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b9\u30ef\u30f3\u300f\u3067\u516c\u8868<\/a>\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5225\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3081\u3001\u67fb\u8aad\u4e2d\u306e\u539f\u7a3f\u304c\u30d7\u30ec\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30c8\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc<a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/early\/2017\/09\/12\/187245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300c\u30d0\u30a4\u30aa\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6\uff08bioRxiv\uff09\u300d\u3067\u516c\u958b<\/a>\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u539f\u7a3f\u3092\u6295\u7a3f\u3057\u305f\u969b\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u78ba\u8a8d\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b78%\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306b\u6295\u7a3f\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u3042\u308b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u7dcf\u3058\u3066\u3044\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u904e\u7a0b\u306a\u3069\u306e\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3048\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u78ba\u8a3c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\u3078\u306e\u8b66\u6212\u3084\u5bfe\u7b56\u306f\u4eca\u5ea6\u3082\u7d99\u7d9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4ee5\u524d\u3001\u672c\u8a8c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u8a8c\u304c2016\u5e74\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u3092\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u80051576\u4eba\u306e\u3046\u306170%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u304c\u3001\u307b\u304b\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u305f\u304c\u5931\u6557\u3057\u305f\u7d4c\u9a13\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u901a\u308a\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u518d\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u72b6\u306f\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\uff08reproducibility crisis\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u4eca\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u4ed8\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u8a8c\u306e\u793e\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u540c\u8a8c\u304c\u8ad6\u6587\u539f\u7a3f\u3092\u6295\u7a3f\u3059\u308b\u8457\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u9805\u76ee\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3088\u3046\u6c42\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u00a0\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \uff08Statistical parameters\uff09\u300d\u304c\u300c\u6b63\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b69\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3060\u307b\u304b\u306b\u884c\u306a\u3046\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u307e\u305f\u540c\u8a8c\u306f\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u3068\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30012016\u5e747\u6708\u304b\u30892017\u5e743\u6708\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3001\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306b\u6295\u7a3f\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u80055375\u4eba\u306b\u8abf\u67fb\u7968\u3092\u9001\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u516c\u958b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u8005480\u4eba\u306e\u3046\u306149\uff05\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u8cea\u306e\u6539\u5584\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u300215%\u306f\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u6709\u52b9\u6027\u306b\u540c\u610f\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e86\uff05\u306f\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u81ea\u5206\u305f\u3061\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5371\u6a5f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5272\u5408\u306f2016\u5e74\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f2016\u5e74\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u306e\u7d0460%\u304c\u300c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff08selective reporting\uff09\u300d\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u3067\u3082\u3001\u7d043\u5206\u306e2\u304c\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u300d\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 \u300c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u300d\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u3057\u305f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u306a\u304b\u3067\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u4eee\u8aac\u306b\u6700\u3082\u90fd\u5408\u306e\u3088\u3044\u7d50\u679c\u3060\u3051\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3044\u3044\u3068\u3053\u53d6\u308a\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u300c\u30c1\u30a7\u30ea\u30fc\u30d4\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\uff08cherry picking\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u898b\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u300c\u60aa\u3044\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3059\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u304c\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u3092\u4f4e\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u78ba\u304b\u306a\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u9078\u629e\u7684\u5831\u544a\u3092\u3088\u308a\u900f\u660e\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3082\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u4f4e\u3055\u3068\u3044\u3046\u554f\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\uff1f \u300c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u306b\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u300d\u3068\u300e\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc\u300f\u306e\u793e\u8aac\u306f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u8abf\u67fb\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u304b\u3089\u306f\u3001\u518d\u73fe\u6027\u306e\u4f4e\u3055\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u8981\u56e0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8457\u8005\u3078\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u5831\u544a\u306e\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\u305b\u3088\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d7\u30ec\u30c3\u30b7\u30e3\u30fc\uff08publishing pressure\uff09\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5fae\u5999\u306a\u554f\u984c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u6d6e\u304b\u3073\u4e0a\u304c\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u597d\u307e\u3057\u3044\u5146\u5019\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u30022012\u5e74\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u3042\u308b\u56fd\u7acb\u885b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08NIH\uff09\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30ea\u30fc\u30fb\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u3089\u306f\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u30fb\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u524d\u81e8\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u52d5\u7269\u5b9f\u9a13\uff09\u306e\u900f\u660e\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u300c\u7121\u4f5c\u70ba\u5316\uff08\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u5316\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u76f2\u691c\u5316\uff08\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u5316\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb\u30b5\u30a4\u30ba\u306e\u63a8\u8a08\u300d\u3001\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u8abf\u6574\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff14\u3064\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u63d0\u6848\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u30e9\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\uff14\u57fa\u6e96\uff08Landis 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