{"id":2111,"date":"2017-01-24T18:32:29","date_gmt":"2017-01-24T09:32:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.jp\/academy\/?p=2111"},"modified":"2021-12-17T01:00:50","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T16:00:50","slug":"what_undermines_science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/jp\/what_undermines_science\/","title":{"rendered":"\u79d1\u5b66\u3092\u6700\u3082\u8755\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a50\u6b3a\u300d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044!?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e8b\u4ef6\u304c\u767a\u899a\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u6b63\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\uff09\u300d\u306b\u3082\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3088\u304f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u3067\u3063\u3061\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u300c\u634f\u9020\uff08Fabrication\uff09\u300d\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u90fd\u5408\u3088\u304f\u306d\u3058\u66f2\u3052\u308b\u300c\u6539\u3056\u3093\uff08Falsification\uff09\u300d\u3001\u4ed6\u8005\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3084\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u300c\u76d7\u7528\uff08Plagiarism\uff09\u300d\u306e\uff13\u7a2e\u985e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u305d\u306e\u982d\u6587\u5b57\u304b\u3089\u300cFFP\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a50\u6b3a\uff08scientific fraud\uff09\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304cFFP\uff1d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a50\u6b3a\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3082\u3063\u3068\u6df1\u523b\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u300c \u304a\u7c97\u672b\u306a\u79d1\u5b66 \uff08Sloppy science\uff09\u300d\u3084\u300c\u7591\u308f\u3057\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u884c\u70ba\uff08Questionable research practices: QRPs\uff09\u300d\u306a\u3069\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30e0\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30c0\u30e0\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u75ab\u5b66\u8005\u30de\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30fb\u30a8\u30e0\u30fb\u30d6\u30bf\u30fc\u3089\u306f\u3001\u300c\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3092\u8105\u304b\u3059\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u9593\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u306b\u640d\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3001\u3082\u3057\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3067\u66b4\u9732\u3055\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3078\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u306b\u3082\u640d\u5bb3\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u304a\u7c97\u672b\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u3084QRP\u306b\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41073-016-0024-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306e\u610f\u8b58\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd<\/a>\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u30d6\u30bf\u30fc\u3089\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30012015\u5e74\u306b\u30ea\u30aa\u30c7\u30b8\u30e3\u30cd\u30a4\u30ed\u3067\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u305f\u300c\u7b2c4\u56de\u56fd\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u6b63\u4f1a\u8b70\uff08the 4th World conference on Research Integrity\uff09\u300d\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u80051353\u4eba\u3067\u3059\u3002\u56de\u7b54\u8005\u3089\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/static-content.springer.com\/esm\/art%3A10.1186%2Fs41073-016-0024-5\/MediaObjects\/41073_2016_24_MOESM3_ESM.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">60\u9805\u76ee\u3082\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba<\/a>\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\u300d\u3001\u300c\u771f\u5b9f\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e88\u9632\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\uff14\u3064\u306e\u57fa\u6e96\u3067\u3001\uff15\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u306e\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e60\u9805\u76ee\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u634f\u9020\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305fFFP\uff1d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a50\u6b3a\u304b\u3089\u300c\u54c1\u8cea\u7ba1\u7406\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u3092\u7121\u8996\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u300c\u304a\u7c97\u672b\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u307e\u3067\u3001\u304b\u306a\u308a\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u96c6\u8a08\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u300c\u771f\u5b9f\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3084\u300c\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3067\u3001\u300c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u634f\u9020\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff08\uff1d\u634f\u9020\uff09\u300d\u304c\uff11\u4f4d\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306f\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\u300d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\uff15\u306b\u3082\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\u300d\u306e\uff11\u4f4d\u306f\u300c\u81ea\u5206\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u3084\u78ba\u4fe1\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u9078\u629e\u7684\u306b\u5f15\u7528\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u82e5\u3044\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3078\u306e\u76e3\u7763\u3084\u6307\u5c0e\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u304c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u30d6\u30bf\u30fc\u3089\u306f\u3001\u300c\u771f\u5b9f\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e88\u9632\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u300d\u306e\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3092\u3001\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\u300d\u3068\u639b\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u5024\uff08\u7a4d\uff09\u3092\u7b97\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3069\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u304c\u3069\u306e\u304f\u3089\u3044\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u306e\u304b\u3092\u6d6e\u304d\u5f6b\u308a\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u300c\u771f\u5b9f\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3068\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\u300d\u3092\u639b\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u5024\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u82e5\u3044\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3078\u306e\u76e3\u7763\u3084\u6307\u5c0e\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u304c\uff11\u4f4d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u6b20\u70b9\u3084\u9650\u754c\u306e\u5831\u544a\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u304c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u300c\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3078\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u300d\u3068\u300c\u983b\u5ea6\u300d\u3092\u639b\u3051\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u5024\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u53c2\u7167\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u4ed6\u4eba\u306e\u516c\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3084\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\uff08\uff1d\u76d7\u7528\uff09\u300d\u304c\uff11\u4f4d\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff12\u4f4d\u306f\u540c\u3058\u304f\u300c\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u6b20\u70b9\u3084\u9650\u754c\u306e\u5831\u544a\u304c\u4e0d\u5341\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u30d6\u30bf\u30fc\u3089\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s41073-016-0024-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300e\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u6b63\u3068\u67fb\u8aad\uff08Research Integrity and Peer Review\uff09\u300f<\/a>\u3067\u516c\u8868\u3055\u308c\u305f\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u300c\u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c\u306e\u30e9\u30f3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9078\u629e\u7684\u306a\u5831\u544a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u7684\u306a\u5f15\u7528\u3001\u54c1\u8cea\u7ba1\u7406\u3084\u6307\u5c0e\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6b20\u9665\u304c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f0a\u5bb3\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u5506\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\u300d\u3068\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0;padding: 10px;border: 1px solid #ccc;background-color: #f7f7f7\">\uff08\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u306e\uff09\u5168\u4f53\u50cf\u306f\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u8a50\u6b3a\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u3092\u8868\u308f\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u304c\u624b\u629c\u304d\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3001\u304a\u7c97\u672b\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u306b\u643a\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6df1\u523b\u306a\u61f8\u5ff5\u3092\u8868\u308f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u306f\u3001\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u96d1\u8a8c\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u304f\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3001\u3088\u308a\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u76ee\u3092\u898b\u5f35\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u5f97\u305f\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u9858\u671b\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u300c\u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u9ad8\u304f\u30e9\u30f3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u305f\u4e0d\u6b63\u884c\u70ba\u3092\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u963b\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u4ecb\u5165\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3088\u3046\u3059\u308b\u306bFFP\uff1d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8a50\u6b3a\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u300c\u304a\u7c97\u672b\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u306b\u3082\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<a href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/12\/01\/plague-science-research-fraud\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300eSTAT\u300f<\/a>\uff08\u5f15\u7528\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u8457\u8005\u306f\u3001\u5b66\u8853\u60c5\u5831\u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<a href=\"https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300e\u30ea\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30a6\u30a9\u30c3\u30c1\u300f<\/a>\u306e\u904b\u55b6\u8005\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30a4\u30f4\u30a1\u30f3\u30fb\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30ad\u30fc\u3068\u30a2\u30c0\u30e0\u30fb\u30de\u30fc\u30ab\u30b9\uff09\u306f\u3053\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u6b63\u3068\u300c\u304a\u7c97\u672b\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u306f\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u300c\u3067\u304d\u308c\u3070\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30ca\u30eb\uff08\u5b66\u8853\u96d1\u8a8c\uff09\u3067\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u516c\u8868\u305b\u306d\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u7fa9\u52d9\u300d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u4e3b\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u4eba\u4e8b\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306a\u3069\u304c\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u4e2d\u8eab\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u8ad6\u6587\u306e\u6570\u3060\u3051\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u305f\u3061\u304c\u300c\u767a\u8868\u305b\u3088\u3001\u3055\u3082\u306a\u304f\u3070\u6d88\u3048\u3088\uff08publish or perish\uff09\u300d\u3068\u8868\u73fe\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3055\u3048\u3042\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u306b\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3001\u540c\u8a8c\u306f\u6279\u5224\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br 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